1

Module 1 - Variable-length subnet masks VLSM

Prefix length

Benefits of VLSM

VLSM Calculations

VLSM Example

CIDR and Route Summarization

Route Aggregation

Supernetting

CIDR Example

Classful and Classless Routing

Discontiguous Subnets

Default Routes

Classful Routing Table

Classless Routing

Effect of Auto-Summary and No Auto-Summary

RIP Version 2

2

MODULE 2 - Link-State Routing

Link-State Routing Protocol Algorithms

Benefits of Link-State Routing

Limitations of Link-State Routing

Single-Area OSPF Concepts

OSPF Hierarchical Routing

Dijkstra’s Algorithm

Basic OSPF Configuration

Loopback Interfaces

Modifying the OSPF Cost Metric

OSPF Authentication

OSPF Network Types and OSPF Timers

Propagating a Default Route

Verifying OSPF Configuration

Troubleshooting OSPF

3

MODULE 3   - EIGRP and Troubleshooting Routing

EIGRP Concepts

Comparing EIGRP and IGRP

EIGRP Features

EIGRP Terminology

EIGRP Packet Types

Basic EIGRP Configuration

Configuring EIGRP Summarization

Verifying the EIGRP Configuration

Troubleshooting Routing Protocols

Troubleshooting RIP

Troubleshooting EIGRP

Troubleshooting OSPF

4

MODULE 4  - Switching Concepts

LAN Segmentation

Basic Operations of a Switch

Ethernet Switch Latency

Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switching

Symmetric and Asymmetric Switching

Frame Transmission Modes

Switch Operation Modes

Broadcast Domains

Communication Between Switches and Workstations

5

MODULE 5  - LAN Design

LAN Design Goals

LAN Design Considerations

LAN Design Methodology

Layer 1 Design

Layer 2 Design

Layer 3 Design

LAN Switches

Switched LANs and the Hierarchical Design Model

Access Layer Overview - Access Layer Switches

Distribution Layer Overview - Distribution Layer Switches

Core Layer Overview - Core Layer Switches

6

MODULE 6 - Catalyst Switch Configuration

Physical Startup of the Catalyst Switch

Switch Port Types

Switch LED Indicators

Viewing Initial Bootup Output from the Switch

Using the System Configuration Dialog

Logging on with the Switch CLI and Using the Help Facility

Catalyst Switch Default Configuration

Basic Catalyst Switch Configuration

Duplex and Speed Configuration

Managing the MAC Address Table

Configuring Port Security

Executing Adds, Moves, and Changes

Managing Switch Configuration Files

Password Recovery

Upgrading the Cisco IOS Image

7

MODULE 7 - Spanning Tree Protocol

Redundancy

Redundant Switched Topologies

Broadcast Storms

Multiple Frame Transmissions

MAC Database Instability

STP Background

Spanning Tree Operation

Selecting the Root Bridge

Spanning Tree Port States

Spanning-Tree Recalculation

Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol

8

MODULE 8 - Virtual LANs

Broadcast Domains with VLANs and Routers

VLAN Operation

VLAN Configuration

Configuring Static VLANs

Verifying VLAN Configuration

Adding, Changing, and Deleting VLANs

Troubleshooting VLANs

Troubleshooting VLAN Problems

VLAN Troubleshooting  Scenarios

9

MODULE 9 - VLAN Trunking Protocol

Trunking

VLAN Trunking Operation

IEEE 802.1Q Trunking

ISL Trunking

Configuring VLAN Trunking - Introduction

802.1Q Trunk Configuration

ISL Trunk Configuration

VTP

VTP Concepts

VTP Operations

Configuring VTP

Inter-VLAN Routing Overview

Router-on-a-Stick

Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

PART II 

11

CCNA 1 - Module 11 TCP/IP

Transport Layer

The Protocol Field

TCP Segment Header

UDP Segment Header

TCP / UDP Port numbers

Additional Information on Syn Flood Prevention

Network Layer

IP Packet (Data Gram) Header

IP’s TTL – Time To Live field

The Protocol field

ICMP  - ICMP testing

Ping

Tracert

TCP/IP Application  Layer

Responsibilities of Application Layer

Application Layer Examples

DNS

FTP and TFTP

HTTP

SMTP

SNMP

Telnet

1

MODULE 1 - Advanced IP Management

IPv4 Address Classes

IP addressing crisis

IPv4 Addressing

Subnet Example

All Zeros and All Ones Subnets

Need a Subnet Review?

Long Term Solution: IPv6 (coming)

Short Term Solutions: IPv4 Enhancements

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

Active BGP entries

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

Supernetting Example

CIDR and the Provider

CIDR Restrictions

Example from online curriculum

VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask)

VLSM – Simple Example

Another VLSM Example using /30 subnets

VLSM and the Routing Table

Final Notes on VLSM

Route flapping

Private IP addresses (RFC 1918)

Discontiguous subnets

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Classless Routing Protocols- RIPv2

Classless routing protocols

Few RIP facts

RIP version 1

RIP versRIP v2 operationion 2

Issues addressed by RIP v2

RIP v2 message format

Compatibility with RIP v1

Authentication

MD5 Authentication (FYI)

Same limitations of RIPv2 as with RIPv1

Basic RIPv2 configuration

Compatibility with RIP v1

Discontiguous subnets and classless routing

Configuring authentication (EXTRA)

Show commands

Debug commands

RIPv2 Example

Examining a Routing Table

RIPv2: Sending and Receiving Updates

Adding a default Routes to RIPv2

Other RIPv2 Commands (EXTRA)

2

MODULE 2 - Single Area OSPF

Preview of the OSPF Commands

Advantages of OSPF  (1 of 2)

Brief History

Terminology

Link State

Link State Concepts

Simplified Link State Example

Link State information from RouterB

Topology

Choosing the Best Path

PT Results Get Put into the Routing Table

Introduction to OSPF Concepts

OSPF’s Metric is Cost (Bandwidth)

OSPF Packet Types

OSPF Hello Protocol

Network Types – more later

OSPF packet types (Extra)

Steps to OSPF Operation

Steps to OSPF Operation with States

Establishing Adjacencies

Steps to OSPF Operation with States

Electing the DR and BDR

Clarifications

Discovering Routes and Reaching Full State

DBD Packet

Exchange State – the explanation

Loading State - the explanation

Link State Requests ( LSR )

Link State Advertisement  LSA ( Updat e)

Full State - the explanation

Couple of notes on link state flooding…

Calculating the Routing Table

Maintaining LSDB and Routing Table Information

Configuring Single Area OSPF

Enabling OSPF

Configuring the Network Command

Network Command and the Wildcard Mask

Configuring a Loopback Address

DR/BDR Elections

Modifying the Cost

Configuring Simple Authentication

Configuring MD5 Encrypted Authentication

MD5 Encryption

Configuring OSPF Timers

Configuring and Propagating a Default Route

Default Route Example

show ip route

show ip ospf

show ip ospf interface

show ip ospf neighbor

debug ip ospf adj (adjacency)

debug ip ospf events

show ip ospf database 

OSPF Configuration Commands - Review

OSPF Show Commands - Review

Multi Area OSPF

Issues with large OSPF nets

OSPF uses “Areas”

An advantage of Multiple Areas

OSPF Router Types

3

MODULE 3 - EIGRP

IGRP and EIGRP: A migration path

Metric Calculation (Review)

Displaying Interface Values

EIGRP Metrics

The Routing Table

Displaying Interface Values

Determining the costs

EIGRP and IGRP compatibility

Features of EIGRP

EIGRP Terminology

Neighbor Table

Topology Table

IP Routing Table

Showing the cost in the Routing Table

EIGRP Technologies

Establishing Adjacencies with Neighbors

Hello Intervals and Default Hold Times

Reliable Transport Protocol

DUAL FSM

FSM Example

Protocol-Dependent Modules (PDMs)

EIGRP Terminology and Operations

Successors and Feasible Successors

Example of a Loop,  What if…

What if the successor fails?

One last reminder….

Understanding the Topology Table

EIGRP Packet Types

EIGRP Hello Packet

Acknowledgement Packet

Update Packet

Query and Reply Packets

Questions

Query and Reply Packets

Example from the curriculum…

Example of debug eigrp fsm

Stuck in Active ( SIA )

Troubleshooting ( SIA ) - FYI

Configuring EIGRP

Configuring EIGRP for IP networks

Summarizing EIGRP Routes:  no auto-summary

Summarizing EIGRP Routes: Interface Summarization

EIGRP show commands

EIGRP debug commands

EIGRP variance command

EIGRP Traffic Share

Redistribution between EIGRP & IGRP

EIGRP and Default Routes (Review)

OSPF versus EIGRP

EIGRP and IGRP Metric Review

Metric Calculation

EIGRP Metrics

IGRP Metrics

Reliability and Load

4

MODULE 4 - Switching Concepts

Ethernet Development

Ethernet 802.3 Lan Development

Bridges

Switches

Routers

Factors Impacting Network Performance

The Nature of Ethernet 802.3

Half-duplex

Network Congestion

Network Latency

Transmission Time

Extending Collision Domains

Full Duplex Transmission

Segmentation with Bridge, Router and Switch

Basic Operations of a Switch

Forwarding Table

Layer 2 Switching

Layer 3 Switching

Symmetric Switching

Asymmetric Switching

Port-Based Memory Buffering

Shared Memory Buffering

Four Methods of Switching

Store-And-Forward

Cut-Through

Fast-Forward

Fragment-Free

Ethernet Switches

Learning of MAC Addresses

CAM ( Content Addressable Memory ) Table

Layer 2 or 3?

Segmentation Using Bridges

Bridges and Latency

Bridges and Routers

Collision and Broadcast Domains

4a

MODULE 4a - Switching Concepts

5

MODULE 5 - Campus Networks and Design Models

Traditional Campus Networks

Issues with Traditional Campus Design

20/80 Rule

Requirements of 20/80 Traffic Pattern

Key Requirements for Campus Networks

Switching

Layer 2 Switching

Layer 3 Switching

Layer 4 Switching

MLS (Multi-Layer Switching

3-Layer Hierarchical Design Model

Core Layer

Distribution Layer

Access Layer

3 Layer Summary

Building Blocks

Switch Block ( AL and DL )

Scaling the Switch Block

Sizing the Switch Block

Layer 2 versus Layer 3 Core

Small Campus Network

Collapsed Core/Medium Sized Networks

Dual Core

Cabling the Switch Block

The 2950 and 3550 Switches

Remote Access to the Switch

Port Speed - Setting the Port Speed

6

MODULE 6 - Switch Configuration

Physical startup of the Catalyst switch

Switch LED indicators

Port LEDs during switch POST – System LED

Viewing initial bootup output from the switch

Examining help in the switch CLI

Switch command modes

show running-config

show interface

show vlan

show flash

show version

Reset all Switch Configurations & Reload

Security, documentation, and management

Set IP Address and Default Gateway

Set Port Speed and Duplex Settings

HTTP Service and Port

The GUI Interface

Managing the MAC address table

Configuring static MAC addresses

Configuring port security

Secure MAC Addresses

2950 Security Commands

2950 Configuration

Copying IOS from TFTP Server

Erasing and Reloading the Switch

7

MODULE 7 - Spanning Tree Protocol

Reliability Requires Fault Tolerance

Redundant topologies

Types of Traffic

Redundant switched topologies

Broadcast Storm

Multiple frame transmissions

One Table… Many Names

Media access control database instability

Layer 2 Loops - Flooded unicast frames

Redundant Paths and No Spanning Tree

Broadcasts and No Spanning Tree

Redundant topology and spanning tree

Spanning-Tree Protocol ( STP )

Two Key Concepts: BID and Path Cost

Bridge ID ( BID )

Path Cost

Four-Step STP Decision Sequence

Three Steps of Initial STP Convergence

Step 1   Elect one Root Bridge

Step 2   Elect Root Ports

Step 3   Elect Designated Ports

Stages of spanning-tree port states

STP Port States

STP Timers

Port Cost / Port ID

STP Convergence Recap

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

RSTP Link Types

RSTP Port States

RSTP Port Roles

Cisco’s Port Fast and RSTP’s Edge Fast

Algorhyme by Radia Perlman

8

MODULE 8 - VLANs (Virtual LANs)

Broadcast domains with VLANs and routers

VLAN operation

Benefits of VLANs

Without VLANs – No Broadcast Control

With VLANs – Broadcast Control

VLAN Types

MAC address Based VLANs

VLAN Tagging

Two Types of VLANs

End-to-End or Campus-wide VLANs

Geographic or Local VLANs

Configuring static VLANs

Creating VLANs

Configuring Ranges of VLANs

Verifying VLANs – show vlan

Verifying VLANs – show vlan brief

vlan database commands

Removing a port from a VLAN

Troubleshooting VLANs

9

MODULE 9 - VTP - ( Trunking, VTP, Inter-VLAN Routing )

VLAN Tagging

A Closer look at VLAN Tagging

ISL (Frame Encapsulation)

ISL - Selected fields

IEEE 802.1Q

802.1q

Trunking operation

VLANs and trunking

Configuring Trunking

DTP – Dynamic Trunking Protocol

Benefits of VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol)

VTP Operation – Revision Number

VTP Operation

VTP configuration

VTP configuration - Version

VTP configuration – Domain and Password

VTP configuration – VTP mode

VTP Configuration - Overview

Verifying VTP

Adding a switch to an existing VTP domain

Three types of VTP messages

Inter-VLAN Routing

Inter-VLAN Routing

Inter-VLAN Routing - Non-trunk Links

Inter-VLAN Routing

Physical and logical interfaces

Inter-VLAN Routing - Trunk Links

Management VLAN